Does God love you? And in what ways does he love you? What does it mean for God to love, and to be a loving being? That’s the doctrine that Don Carson deals with in this small book (only 88 pages of argument).
The doctrine that “God is love” is widely accepted among people who believe there is a God, and it’s Biblical (1 John 4:8, 16), so why is it difficult? After all, all Christians agree that God is love.
In the first chapter of his short book, Don Carson gives five reasons why the doctrine of God’s love is difficult in today’s Western culture. For instance; God’s love is prioritised over other aspects of God’s character, particularly his holiness and justness. In a pluralistic, post-modern society, it’s fine to believe in God as a loving being, because that’s nice, and no-one is excluded, but don’t mention his anger at sin or hell!
He secondly gives “five distinguishable ways the Bible speaks of the love of God” (page 17). While I kind of knew these five distinguishable ways, having them listed clearly was one of the most helpful parts of the book for me. Listing them as briefly as I can:
- The intra – Trinitarian love of God. The Father loves the Son and the Son loves the Father. The second chapter expands on this subject drawing from John’s Gospel. The book is short so some topics have to be excluded, but nothing is said about the Holy Spirit in this discussion.
- The providential love of God for the world. He created a world which was good (Genesis 1-2) as a loving creator. His loving providence is demonstrated in Matthew 6:26 and 10:29.
- “God’s salvific stance towards his fallen world” (page 18). So John 3:16 says “God so loved the world that he gave his Son.” The world here is the fallen world, all people, and not just the elect.
- “God’s particular, effective, selecting love toward his elect” (page 19). There is a distinguishable love of God for those he has chosen to save, with no moral, or deserving, basis for those who are chosen.
- God’s love towards his chosen people conditioned on their obedience. Jude 21 says “Keep yourselves in God’s love”. When we step out of God’s love in this sense, we may well find that we are disciplined by God, which won’t feel as though we are in God’s love in the same way to when we experience his blessing. Again, because the book is short there is no discussion of how covenantal
Note that the first three ‘loves’ are universal, but the last two are limited to believers. Don Carson points out that if any of these ‘loves’ are absolutised to the exclusion of others, the implications are dangerous for Christians. Trying to think it through, if the third ‘love’ on the list is absolutised, it leads to universalism. If four is absolutised, it could lead to arrogance or hyper-calvinism.
Chapter 3 looks at God’s sovereignty and God’s love. The issue here relates to open theists who argue that if God genuinely loves, he cannot be sovereign and elect some for salvation (see “No Other God: A Response to Open Theism” by John Frame or “God’s Lesser Glory: The Diminished God of Open Theism” by Bruce Ware for fuller discussions of why open theism is dangerous and unbiblical). Don Carson helpfully summarises why Calvinistic Christians aren’t fatalists on pages 58-59, but I found a lot of this chapter difficult to follow with its discussion of God’s immutability and impassibility and their relationship to God’s love.
Chapter 4 discusses the relationship between God’s love and God’s wrath and I think is vitally important for Christians to understand. God is love, but it is not a sentimental, wishy washy, indiscriminate love. God’s love does not trump God’s holiness or justice; his anger at sin. Helpfully, Don Carson points out that our perception is actually the problem when we struggle to understand God’s anger at sin alongside his love. We don’t see angry men or women who are loving, because human anger is almost always sinful. But God’s anger is fully righteous, completely controlled, entirely justified, and does not compromise his love.
The final section of chapter 4 discusses how the five loves of chapter 1 are expressed towards Christians, and helpfully the response of Christians. The book is about God’s love, but with his pastor’s heart, Don Carson can’t but finish with our response. We’ve been amazingly forgiven, so we are called to forgive. We have experienced God’s love, so we are called to love.
A very helpful read, if challenging at times. Thank you Professor Carson.